Normal sequences and Montel's Theorem
I am currently stuck on an exam question involving normal sequences and Montel's theorem:
Give two examples of non-constant normal sequences one in the $(a)$ unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ and one in $(b)$ $\mathbb{C}$.
Let $(a_n)$ be a sequence of complex numbers satisfying $|a_n|\lt 1$ and an $a_n\to 0$ and consider the sequence of holomorphic functions $(f_n)$ in $\mathbb{D}$ defined by:
$~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\large f_n(z)=\frac{z-a_n}{1-\overline{a_n}z}$
State and justify if $(f_n)$ is normal and whether it satisfies the condition of Montel’s theorem? Explain if $(f_n)$ converges uniformly in $\mathbb{D}$.
Firstly I will state Montel's theorem and then I will write what I have tried so far.
Montel's theorem: A family $\mathbb{F}\subset \mathbb{H}(U)$ is normal if and only if it is locally bounded. (Where $U\subset\mathbb{C}$, open, and $\mathbb{H}(U)$ is the space of holomorphic functions on $U$.
My examples for 1. are:
$(a)$ $g_n:\mathbb{D}\to\mathbb{C}, g_n(z)=\large e^{\frac{iz}{n}}$
$(b)$ $h_n:\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}, h_n(z)=\large \frac{z}{n^2}$
Now for $2$. I have chosen to show that $f_n$ has a subsequence that converges uniformly on compact subsets of $\mathbb{D}$, so let $K\subset \mathbb{D}$ be compact, thus if $z\in K\Rightarrow |z|\le 1$.
I know that since $a_n\to 0$, $f_n(z)\to z$ pointwise.
Now: $\large|f_n(z)-z|=|\frac{z-a_n}{1-\overline{a_n}z}-z|=|\frac{z-a_n-z+\overline{a_n}z^2}{1-\overline{a_n}z}|$
$\large=|\frac{\overline{a_n}z^2-a_n}{1-\overline{a_n}z}|\le \frac{|\overline{a_n}z^2-a_n|}{1-|a_n|}\le \frac{|a_n|(|z|^2+1)}{1-|a_n|}\le \frac{2|a_n|}{1-|a_n|}$
Now we can construct a subsequence:
since $a_n\to 0$ it follows that $\exists N\in \mathbb{N}:\forall j\ge N\,:|a_j|\lt\frac{1}{N}$
So we consider the subsequence $\{f_j\,|j\ge N\}$
Here $|f_j(z)-z|\le\frac{2|a_j|}{1-|a_j|}\lt \frac{\frac{2}{N}}{1-\frac{1}{N}}=\frac{2}{N-1}\to 0$ as $N\to\infty$.
So the subsequence converges uniformly in $\mathbb{D}$, thus $(f_n)$ is normal, and thus by Montel's theorem it is locally bounded, so it satisfies the condition of montels theorem.
Now explain if $(f_n)$ is uniformly convergent on $\mathbb{D}$, this is the part that I am stuck on, and would really appreciate help with.
I would also like clarification if what I have done for the previous parts is at all correct?
Thanks!
There is a third part to the question:
- Let $(f_n)$ be a sequence of holomorphic functions from $U$ to the upper half-plane. Prove that $(f_n)$ has a subsequence converging uniformly on all compact subsets of $U$ to either a holomorphic function $f$ or to $\infty$
My approach is to consider the sequence:
$g_n(z)=\large\frac{\frac{f_n(z)}{|f_n(z)|}-a_n}{1-\overline{a_n}\frac{f_n(z)}{|f_n(z)|}}$, here $g_n$ is of the form of part 2. and takes values in the unit disk.
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